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The Trend of prostate cancer

     Cancer has become a persisting trend in our recent time and the study of its causes, effects, and treatment options has become a priority for governments. In order to do so, the incidence of any type of cancer must be studied first to determine how significant it is and how this type increases over time, as well as its distribution locally, and globally. Prostate Cancer for example one of the types of cancer considered to be the sixth leading cause of mortality globally.
      In a study that was published in Hematology/Oncology and Stem Cell Therapy Journal about the incidence rate of prostate cancer in Saudi Arabia between 2001 and 2008, in which Saudi Cancer Registry(SCR) was the source of data. The study shows that between 2001 and 2008 a total of 1739 cases were registered and the eastern, and Riyadh region had the highest average, while Jazan and Najran had the lowest. The number of cases steadily increased from 156 cases in 2001 to 267 in 2008. The study also shows Age Standardized Incidence Rate(ASIR) that is as follow: 50.7% were between age group 60-74 years old, 37.5% were +75 years, 10.8 were between 45-59 years old, and less than 1% were between 00-44 years old. Moreover, in 2008 the Age Standardized Mortality Rate(ASMR) was 5.1 per 100,000; in addition, the incidence rate was 7.7 per 100,000 which makes prostate cancer ranked the sixth in Saudi. According to SCR(2016) prostate cancer represents 3.1% of all cancer cases among Saudi men in 2016, and still eastern and Riyadh region have the highest average. 
      On the other hand, Ireland is considered to have the highest ASIR and ASMR worldwide with incidence rate of 126.3 per 100,000, and mortality rate of 13 per 100,000 according to International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) 2008. In the last update of factsheet published by National Cancer Registry of Ireland(2018), the number of new cases per year was 3,474 with an incidence rate of 141per 100,000, which is tremendously higher than the average in Saudi. These cases were distributed by age at diagnosis as follow: 65-74 years 42%, +75 years 17%, 50-64 years 38%, and <50 years 3%. Also, deaths percentages are distributed by age as follow: 21% between age 65 and 74, 72% at the age of +75, and 7% only at age of 50 to 64. The report also ranks prostate cancer to be the 1st among other common cancer in Ireland causing 519 deaths per year with a mortality rate of 22.2 per 100,000 in the last report from National Registry of Ireland. 
     In order to control cancer, there are ways to prevent, and reduce the risk of cancer. For example, encourage individual to do check up as needed based on their age and if there is a family history of getting certain type of cancer. The is of course based on studies and the rates of cancers. Mayo Clinic advices people to increase the amount of fruit and vegetables since they are full of vitamins and are good to prevent people from taking too much fatty food. Another advice, exercise and physical activity are a good preventive ways to reduce the risk of prostate cancer. Finally, Prostate Specific Antigen(PSA) test has decrease the mortality rate by 20% and is a good indicator that leads to further investigation to detect prostate cancer in its early stages. 




                        (Work Cited)
Alghamidi, I. G., Hussain, I. I., Alghamdi, M. S., & El-Sheemy, M. A. (2014). The incidence rate of prostate cancer in Saudi Arabia: an observational descriptive epidemiological analysis of data from the Saudi Cancer Registry 2001–2008. Hematology/Oncology and Stem Cell Therapy, 7(1), 18–26. doi: 10.1016/j.hemonc.2013.10.001
2019. Cancer Incidence Report. [ebook] Riyadh: Saudi Cancer Registry, pp.52-53. Available at: https://nhic.gov.sa/en/eServices/Pages/TumorRegistration.aspx 
[Accessed 18 March 2020].
National Cancer Registry Ireland. (2018). Cancer Factsheet - Prostate [Ebook]. Retrieved 16 March 2020, from https://www.ncri.ie/sites/ncri/files/factsheets/Factsheet%20prostate.pdf.
Top strategies to reduce your prostate cancer risk. (2018, November 6). Retrieved from https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/prostate-cancer/in-depth/prostate-cancer-prevention/art-20045641

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